The Van Gogh Museum houses over 200 paintings and approximately 500 drawings by Vincent van Gogh, the largest and most representative collection of his work in the world, and once owned by the Van Gogh family. The collection is disclosed in voluminous catalogues. Four volumes are devoted to the drawings and three will be devoted to the paintings.

In 1996 the Kingdom of the Netherlands acquired an important collection with works by Emile Bernard, Odilon Redon and others and placed the works on permanent loan in the Van Gogh Museum. It is part of the collection originally assembled by Andries Bonger, Theo van Gogh's friend and brother in law. A catalogue describes the works together with the other works from the original collection.

In addition the 570 Japanese prints from  Van Gogh and his brother Theo's collection, also belong to the museum. The museum's display also features major works by other 19th-century artists, contemporaries and friends of Vincent van Gogh, some are from Vincent and Theo's original collection, some have been aquired by the museum more recently.
The Japanese prints and recent acquisitions have been described in catalogues.
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